Spain

Spain ranks 30th overall on the 2021 International Tax Competitiveness Index, four places worse than in 2020.

Spain has a territorial tax system that exempts both foreign dividends and capital gains income from taxation.
The Spanish tax treaty network is made up of 93 countries.
Property taxes can be deducted against corporate income taxes.

The VAT of 21 percent applies to less than half of the potential tax base.
Spain has multiple distortionary property taxes with separate levies on real estate transfers, net wealth, estates, and financial transactions.
Spain has both a patent box and a credit for Research and Development.